When we think of protecting the environment, we often focus on big-picture issues like climate change or deforestation. But sometimes, meaningful environmental protection starts much closer to home — even with the trees in your neighbourhood. One of the key legal tools used in the UK to protect individual trees or groups of trees is the Tree Preservation Order (TPO).
In this post, we’ll explore what a TPO is, why it’s important, how it works, and what you need to know as a homeowner, developer, or concerned citizen.
What is a Tree Preservation Order (TPO)?
A Tree Preservation Order is a legal order made by a local planning authority (usually your local council) to protect specific trees, groups of trees, or woodlands. Once a TPO is in place, it becomes a criminal offence to:
- Cut down
- Uproot
- Top
- Lop
- Wilfully damage or destroy
…any part of the protected tree(s) without the council’s written permission.
TPOs are used to preserve trees that have significant amenity value, meaning they contribute positively to the environment, aesthetics, or character of an area.
How is a TPO Made?
A local council can create a TPO for a tree if it believes the tree:
- Offers significant visual benefit to the public
- Is under threat of being cut down or damaged
- Contributes to the local landscape or biodiversity
TPOs can apply to:
- A single tree
- A group of trees
- An area (any tree within a boundary)
- A woodland
Once a TPO is made, the council notifies the landowner and interested parties, and there is usually a consultation period before the order is confirmed.
Can You Appeal a TPO?
Yes. If a landowner or developer believes a TPO has been made in error or is unreasonable, they can make representations to the council during the consultation period. Once a TPO is confirmed, appeals can also be made to the Planning Inspectorate in certain circumstances, especially if permission to carry out work is denied.
What If You Want to Work on a Protected Tree?
If you want to prune or remove a tree covered by a TPO, you must apply to the local council for permission. This includes:
- Tree surgery
- Pruning for light or view
- Felling due to disease or damage
Applications usually need to include:
- A clear description of the proposed work
- Reasons for the work (e.g., safety, health of the tree, structural damage)
- Possibly a report from a qualified arborist
The council will assess the application and may grant full, partial, or no permission. Unauthorised work can result in fines of up to £20,000 per offence, or an unlimited fine if prosecuted in Crown Court.
Are There Any Exceptions?
Yes, some exceptions apply. For example:
- Trees that are dead, dying, or dangerous (though evidence is needed)
- Work approved by statutory undertakers (like utility companies)
- Work necessary to comply with legal obligations
Even in these cases, it’s strongly recommended to notify the council beforehand.
TPOs and Development
If you’re planning to build or develop land, existing TPOs can significantly influence your plans. Developers must:
- Identify all protected trees early in the planning process
- Incorporate protection measures (e.g., tree protection fencing during construction)
- Avoid root damage and other indirect harm
Failure to consider TPOs can lead to costly delays or legal action.
How to Find Out if a Tree Has a TPO
Most local councils have an online TPO map or a searchable database. If not, you can contact your council’s planning or tree officer directly. You can also check during the conveyancing process when buying a property.
Final Thoughts
Tree Preservation Orders are a powerful tool to safeguard the natural beauty and ecological value of trees in our communities. Whether you’re a homeowner wanting to prune a tree or a developer planning a new build, it’s crucial to understand your responsibilities under a TPO.
Trees are not just part of the scenery — they’re a living legacy. Let’s protect them.
If you’re unsure about whether a tree on your property is protected, or if you need help applying for work on a TPO tree, consult your local council or a certified arborist.
